오해로 시작된 전쟁 사무엘하 10장

이 장은 다윗과 암몬 사람들 사이의 전쟁을 중심으로 전개된다. 내용의 핵심은 외교적 오해에서 비롯된 전쟁으로, 다윗의 명분과 군사력, 그리고 요압의 전략이 드러난다.

1. 나하스의 죽음

암몬왕 나하스가 죽자 다윗은 그의 생전 자신이 은혜를 입은 적이 있다며 조문객을 대신 보낸다. 그렇지만 다윗의 선의는 오해로 돌아오게 된다.

 

1.After this the king of the Ammonites died, and Hanun his son reigned in his place. 2. And David said, "I will deal loyally with Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father dealt loyaly with me." So David, sent his servants to console him concerning his father. And David's servants came into the land of the Ammonites. 3. But the princes of the Ammonites said to Hanun their lord, "Do you think, because David has sent comforters to you, that he is honouring your father? Has not David sent his servants to you to serch the city and to spy it out and to overthrow it?" 4. So Hanun took David's servants and shaved off half the beard of each and cut off their garments in the middle, at their hips, and sent them away. 5.When it was told David, he sent to meet them,  for the men were greatly ashamed. And the king said, "Remain at Jericho until your beards have grown and them return."

 

암몬의 고관들이 하눈에게 “다윗이 조문객을 보낸 것은 성읍을 염탐하려는 속셈”이라 충고한다. 이에 하눈은 다윗의 사절들에게 수염의 절반을 깎고, 옷을 중간까지 잘라 엉덩이가 드러나게 만들어 돌려보낸다. 이는 당시 중대한 모욕 행위로, 단순한 외교적 결례를 넘어 다윗 왕국에 대한 도전이었다. 다윗은 모욕당한 신하들을 여리고에 머물게 하며 수염이 자랄 때까지 돌아오지 말라 한다.

 

사무엘상 11장을 보면 나하스는 사울에게 패했던 왕으로 이미 이스라엘과 충돌을 한 적이 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 다윗은 나하스와 외교적 유대를 유지했지만, 다윗의 영향력이 커지자 암몬 입장에선 경계를 할 수 밖에 없는 상황적 측면도 이해는 간다. 결과적으로 암몬은 오해보다는 두려움이 앞섰던 것으로 보인다.

2. 암몬의 전쟁 준비

어찌되었든 두려움이 앞선 암몬은 전쟁을 준비하며 용병을 고용한다. 아람 지역에 속하는 시리아 지역 병거 부대와 보병 2만명, 마아가와 돕 사람들을 끌어들여 군사 동맹을 결성한다.

 

6.When the Ammonites saw that they had become a stench to David, the Ammonites become a stench to David, the Ammonites sent and hired the Syrians of Zobah, 20,000 foot soldiers, and the king of Maacah with 1,000men, and the men of Tob, 12,000 men. 7. And when David heard of it, he sent Joab and all the host of the mighty men. 8. ANd the Ammonits came out and drew up in battle array at the entrance of the gate, and the Syrians of Zobah and of Rehob and the men of Tob and Maacah were by themselves in the open country.

 

🌟사울왕의 정치적 야망과 비극에 관하여

 

 

3. 아람의 패배

결과적으로 오해는 두려움에서 온 것이고 암몬은 시비를 걸어 다윗을 공격하였으나 패배하였다. 암몬이 화를 자초한 사건이다.

 

9. When Joab saw that the battle was set against him both in front and in the rear, he chose some of the best men of Israel and arrayed them against the Syrians. 10. The rest of his men he put in the charge of Abishai his brother , and he arrayed them against the Ammonites. 11. And he said, "If the Syrians are too strong for me, then you shall help me, but if the Ammonites are too strong for you, then I will come and help you. 12. Be of good courage, and let us be courageous for our people, and for the cities of our God, and may the Lord do what seems good to him." 13. So Joab and the people who were with him drew near to battle against the Syrians, and they fled before him. 14. And when the AMmonites saw that the Syrians fled, the likewise fled before Abishai and entered the city. THEN Joab returned from fighting against the Ammonites and came to Jerusalem.

4. 재결집도 실패

아람 사람들은 다시 세력을 규합해서 재도전을 시도하지만 완패하고 만다.

15. But when the Syrians saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they gathered themselves together. 16. And Hadadezer sent and brought out the Syrians who were beyond the EUPhrates. They came to Helam, with Shobach the commander of the army of Hadadezer at their head. 17. AND When it was told David, he gathered all Israel together and crossed the Jordan and came to Helam. The Syrians arrayed themselves against David and fought with him. 18. AND THE Syrians fled before Israel, and David killed of the Syrians the men of 700 chariots, and 40,000 horsemen, and wounded Shobach the commander of their army, so that he died there. 19. AND when all the kings who were servants of Hadadezer saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they made peace with Israel and became subject to them. So the Syrians were afraid to save the Ammonites any more.

이 전쟁에 의미하는 것은 어찌보면 암몬 전쟁은 표면상 오해에서 비롯된 전쟁이지만 실제로는 다윗이 세력 확장을 위한 구실로 삼았을 확률이 높다. 이미 사무엘하 8장에서 주변국 대부분을 정복하였고 남은 세력이 암몬이었으니 조문 사절 사건이 발생하자 그것을 도덕적 명분으로 포장해 정복 전쟁을 이어갔다고 볼 수 있다.

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