솔로몬 왕의 피의 숙청 열왕기상 2장

열왕기상 2장은 '인자한 성군 다윗'의 이미지 뒤에 숨겨진 냉혹한 권력의 생리와 솔로몬의 피의 숙청을 다루는 장입니다. 종교적인 '교훈'을 걷어내면, 이 텍스트는 흡사 마피아 영화의 대부(Godfather)가 죽기 전 후계자에게 남기는 '정적 명단'과 그 처리 과정을 담은 하드보일드 정치 스릴러와 같습니다.

1. 다윗의 유언

1. When David's time to die drew near, he commanded Solomon his son, saying, 2"I am about to go the way of all the earth. Be strong, and show yourself a man, 3 and keep the charge of the Lord your God, walking in his ways and keeping his statutes, his commandments, his rules, and his testimonies, as it is written in the Law of Moses, that you may prosper in all that you do and wherever you turn, 4 that the Lord may establish his word that he spoke concerning me, saying, 'If your sons pay close attention to their way, to walk and with all their soul, you shall not lack a man on the throne of Israel.'

다윗은 겉으로는 율법을 지키라는 원론적인 말로 유언을 시작하지만, 5절부터는 정적을 처리하라는 지시가 담겨 있다.

사실 장자가 아닌 입장에서 솔로몬이 왕이 된 것은 정치적 음모가 예상되는 대목이다. 열왕기상 1장에서 17절에는 내 주 왕이여 전후에 여종에게 맹세하기를 네 아들 솔로몬이 반드시 나를 이어 왕이 되리라 하지 아니하셨나이까, 라고 묻는다. 하지만 실제 성경 어디에도 다윗이 이전에 솔로몬을 후계자로 지명했다는 기록은 없다.

 

 5. "Moreover, you also know what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, how he dealt with the two commanders of the armies of Israel, Abner the son of Ner, and Amasa the son of Jether, whom he killed, avenging in time of peace ofr blood that had been shed in war, and putting the blood of war on the belt round his waist and on the sandals on his feet. 6 Act therefore according to you wisdom, but do not let his grey head go down to Sheol in peace. 7. But deal loyally with the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be among those who eat at your table, for with such loyalty they met me when I fled from Absalom your brother. 8 And there is also with you Shimei the son of Gera, the Benjaminite from Bahurim, who cursed me with a grievous curse on the day when I went to Mahanaim. But when he came down to meet me at the Jordan, I swore to him by the Lord, saying, 'I will not put you to death with the sword.' 9 Now therefore do not hold him guiltless, for you are a wise man. You will know what you ought to do to him, and you shall bring his grey head down with blood to Sheol.

2. speak

10. Then David slept with his fathers and was buried in the city of David.11 And the time that David reigned over Israel was forty years. He reigned for seven years in Hebron and for thirty-three years in Hebron and for sat on the throne of David his father, and his kingdom was firmly established. 

🌟 열왕기상 1장 읽기

13. Then Adonijah the son of Haggith came to Bathsheba the mother of Solomon. And she said, 'Do you come peacefully?' He said, "You know that the kingdom was mine, and that all Israel fully expected me to reign. However, the kingdom has turned about and become my brothers, for it was his from the Lord. 16. And now I have one request to make of you; do not refuse me. She said to him,  "Speak" 17 And he said, "Please ask King Solomon- he will not refuse you- to give me Abishag the Shunammite as my wife." 18. Bathsheba said, "VERY well; I will speak for you to the king."

 

3. 솔로몬의 숙청 리스트

19. So Bathsheba went to king Solomon to speak to him on behalf of Adonijah. And the king rose to meet her and bowed down to her. Then he sat on his throne and had a seat brought for the king's mother, and she sat on his right. 20. Then she said, " I have one small request to make of you, do not refuse me." And the king said to her, "Make your request, my mother, for I WILL NOT REFUSE YOU." 21. She said, "Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah your brother as his wife." 22. King Solomon answered his mother, "And why do you ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? Ask for him the kingdom also, for he is my older brother, and on his side are Abiathar the riest and Joab the son of Zeruiah. 24. Then King Solomon swore by the Lord, saying, "God do so to me and more also if this word does not cost Adonijah his life! 24. Now therefore as the Lord lives, who has made me a house, as he promised, Adonijah shall be put to death today. 25. So King Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and he struck him down, and he died.

 

아도니야는 다윗의 수발을 들던 아비삭을 아내로 요구하였는데 이는 선왕의 왕을 취하는 것은 왕권 승계를 의미했다. 그렇게 하여 처단, 아도니야는 다윗의 넷째 아들이었고 사실상 왕위 계승 1순위였으나 일종의 음모에 휘말렸거나 경솔했거나.

아도니야는 왕위 계승을 위해 다윗의 개국공신들을 자기 편으로 끌어 들였고 군부 실세 요압과 정통 제사장 아비아달을 확보 했지만 내궁의 암투로 인해 실패하고 말았다.

4. 기존 문법을 깨다

26. And to Abiathar the priest the king said, "Go to Anathoth, to your estate, for you deserve death. But I will not at this time put you to death, because you carried the ark of the Lord God before David my father, and because you shared in all my father's affliction." 27. So Solomon expelled Abiathar from being priest to the Lord that he had spoken concerning the house of Eli in Shiloh.

 

아도니야는 구시대의 정치 문법을 따르다 신흥 세력에게 밀려난 보수주의자로 평가한다. 솔로몬은 비밀 서약과 기습적 즉위식이라는 정치 공작을 펴서 성공한다. 결국 아도니야는 명분은 가졌으나 속도와 정보에서 패배한 인물이다.

 

 28. When the news came to Joab- for Joab had supported Adonijah although he had not supported ㅁbsalom- Joab fled to the tent of the lord and caught hold of the horns of the altar. 29. And when it was told king solomon, "Joab has fled to the tent of the lord, and behold, he is beside the altar," solom sent benaiah the son of jehoiada, saying, "Go strike him down." 30 So Benaiah came to the tent of the lord and said to him ,"The king commands, 'come out' but he said, no, I will die here. then benaiah brought the king word again, saying thus said joab, and thus he answered me. 31. the king repied to him, do as he has said, strike him down and bury him and thus take away from me and from my fathers house the guilt for the blood that joab shed without cause. 32. the lord will bring back his bloody deeds on his own head, because, without the knowledge of my father david, he attacked and killed with the sword two men more righteous and better than himself, Abner the son of Ner, commander of the army of Israel, and Amasa the son of ㅓether, commander of the army of jㅕㅇ모. 33. so shall their blood come back on the head of Joab and on the head of his descendants for ever. but for david and for his descendants and for his house and for his throne there shall be peace from the lord for evermore. 34. then benaiah the son of jehoiada went up and struck him down and put him to death. and he was buried in his own house in the wilderness. 35. the king put benaiah the son of jehoiada over the army in place of joab, and the king put zadok the priest in the place of abiathar.

 

아도니야의 처형 소식을 들은 요압은 자신의 차례임을 직감했다. 평생 전장을 누빈 백전노장답게 최후의 생존 전략을 택했다. 고대 이스라엘에서 제단 뿔을 잡는 것은 망명이나 성소의 보호를 의미한다. 비무장 상태에서 죄인을 성소에서 죽이는 것은 금기 중의 금기였다. 요압은 성소에서 피를 흘리게 하는 부담을 솔로몬에게 지우겠다는 계산이었으나 솔로몬은 이를 역이용했다. 그는 요압이 무고하게 죽인 아브넬과 아마사의 피를 언급하며 오히려 요압을 죽여야 성소가 정결해진다는 고도의 논리를 펴서 브나야에게 살인을 명령한다.

 

36. Then the king sent and summoned shimeiand said to him, 'Build yourself a house in Jerusalem and dwell there, and do not go out from there to any place whatever. 37. For on the day you go out and cross the brook kidron, know for certain that you shall die. your blood shall be on your own head. 38. and shimei said to the king, what you say is good as my lord the king has said, so will your servant do. so shimei lived in jerusalem for many days.

 

39. But it happened at the end of three years that two of shimei's servants ran away to achish, son of maacah, king of gath. and when it was told shimei, "Behold, your servants are in gath. 40. shimei arose and saddled a donkey and went to gath to achish to seek his servants. shimei went and brought his servants from gath. 41. and when solomon was told that shimei had gone from jerusalem to gath and returned, 42 the king sent and summoned shimei and said to him, did I Not make you swear by the lord and solemnly warn you, saying, know for certain that on the day you go out and go to any place whatever, you shal ldie? and you said to me, what you say is good, I WILL obey. 43. why then have you not kept your oath to the lord and the commandment with which I commanded you? 44 the king also said to shimei, you know in your own heart all the harm that you did to david my father, so the lord will bring back your harm on your own head. 45. but king solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of david shall be established before the lord for ever. 46. then the king commanded benaiah the son of jehoiada, and he went out and struck him down, and he died.

 so the kingdom was established in the hand of solomon.

🌟 다윗의 기괴한 회춘술에 관한 이야기