열왕기상 1장의 가장 거대한 서사적 균열은 다윗이 솔로몬을 후계자로 지목했다는 ‘공식 기록의 부재’에서 발생한다.
1. 저체온증 노인
1.Now King David was old an advanced in years. And although they covered him with clothes, he could not get warm. 2. Therefore his servants said to him, "Let a young woman be sought for my lord the king, and let her wait on the king and be in his service. Let her lie in your arms, that my lord the king may be warm." 3. So they sought for a beautiful young woman throughout all the territory of Israel, and found Abishag the Shunammite, and brought her to the king. 4. The young woman was very beautiful, and she was of service to the king and attended to him, but the king knew her not.
열왕기상 1장의 첫 네 구절은 한 영웅의 노쇠를 묘사하는 문학적 장치를 넘어, 왕권이라는 절대적 에너지가 어떻게 물리적으로 소멸해가는지를 보여주는 냉혹한 임상 보고서다. 텍스트는 다윗을 '나이 많아 늙은(old and advanced in years)' 상태로 규정하며 시작한다. 여기서 주목할 점은 그가 단순히 연로했다는 사실이 아니라, '이불을 덮어도 온기를 얻지 못했다'는 서술이다. 이는 고대 근동의 통치 개념에서 단순한 질병 이상의 의미를 지닌다. 당시 왕의 신체는 국가 그 자체와 동일시되었으며, 왕의 몸에서 열기가 사라졌다는 것은 곧 국가를 추동하던 엔진이 멈췄음을 상징하는 정치적 전조였다.
2. 냉소적인 권력의 연대기
5. Now Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself, saying, "I will be king." And he prepared for himself chariots and horsemen, and fifty men to run before him. 6. His father had never at any time displeased him by asking, "Why have you done thus and so?" He was also a very handsome man, and he was born next after Absalom. 7. He conferred with Joab the son of ㅋeruiah and with Abiathar the priest. And they followed Adonijah and helped him. 8. But Zadok the priest and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada and Nathan the prophet and Shimei and Rei and David's mighty men were not with Adonijah.
열왕기상 1장은 거룩한 성전 건설의 서막이 아니라, 치매 기운이 있는 노왕, 아들을 왕으로 만들려는 야심가, 그리고 자리를 지키려는 군인들의 생존 게임이다.
결국 승자는 '신앙'이 깊은 자가 아니라, 타이밍을 잡고 무력을 장악하며 왕의 귀를 선점한 자였다. 아도니야가 제단 뿔을 잡고 목숨을 구걸하는 장면으로 1장이 끝나는 것은, 권력 투쟁에서 2등이란 존재하지 않는다는 교훈을 남긴다.
9. Adonijah sacrificed sheep, oxen, and fattened cattle by the Serpent's Stone, which is beside En-rogel, and he invited all his brothers, the king's sons, and all the royal offcials of Judah, 10 but he did not invite Nathan the prophert or Benaiah or the mighty men or Solom his brother.
3. 기혼에서의 즉위식
11. Then Nathan said to Bathsheba the mother of Solomon, "Have you not heard that Adonijah the son of Haggith has become king and David our lord does not know it? 12 Now therefore come, let me give you advice , that you may save your own life and the life of David, and say to him, "Did you not, my lord the king, swear to your servant, saying, "Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne"? Why then is Adonijah king?" 14 Then while you are still speaking with the king, I also will come in after you and confirm your words."
다윗의 마지막 명령으로 단행된 기혼에서의 즉위식은 아도니야의 잔치판을 순식간에 장례식장으로 바꾸어 놓았다. 아도니야가 머물던 에느로겔과 솔로몬이 즉위한 기혼 샘은 지근거리에 있었다. 한쪽에서 고기를 씹으며 축배를 들 때, 다른 한쪽에서 울려 퍼진 나팔 소리와 군중의 함성은 아도니야 일행에게는 환청과도 같은 공포였을 것이다. 이 물리적 거리의 인접성은 반전의 극적 효과를 극대화한다. 소식을 들은 하객들이 썰물처럼 빠져나가는 장면은 권력이란 것이 얼마나 허망한 신기루 위에 서 있는지를 적나라하게 드러낸다.
결국 열왕기상 1장은 신앙의 승리가 아니라 '정보와 타이밍의 승리'를 다룬다. 아도니야가 제단 뿔을 잡고 목숨을 구걸하는 비참한 결말은 권력 투쟁에서의 패배가 곧 존재의 소멸임을 의미한다. 거룩한 성전 건설의 서막이라 불리는 솔로몬의 시대는 실상 노왕의 침실에서 벌어진 가스라이팅과 기만, 그리고 군사력을 동원한 신속한 쿠데타를 통해 열린 셈이다. 이 장은 독자에게 묻는다. 권력의 정당성은 신으로부터 오는가, 아니면 죽어가는 왕의 귀에 속삭이는 노련한 정객의 혀끝에서 완성되는가.
15. So Bathsheba went to the king in his chamber(now the king was very old, and Abishag the Shunammite was attending to the king). 16. Bathsheba bowed and paid homage to the king, and the king said, "What do you desire?" 17. She said to him, 'My lord, you swore to your servant by the lord your God, saying, 'Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne.' 18 And now, behold, Adonijah is king, although you, my lord the king do not know it. 19. He has sacrificed oxen, fattened cattle, and sheep in abundance, and has invited all the sons of the king, Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of the army, but Solomn your servant he has not invited. 29. And now, my lord the king the eyes of all Israel are on you, to tell them who shall sit on the throne of my lord the king, after him. 21. Otherwise it will come to pass, when my lord the king sleeps with his fathers, that I and my son Solomon will be counted offenders."
22. While she was still speaking with the king, Nathan the propher came in. 23. And they told the king, "Here is Nathan the prophet." And when he came in before the king, he bowed before the kind, with his face to the ground.
24. And Nathan said, 'My lord the king, have you said, 'Adonijah shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne? 25 For he has gone down this day and has sacrificed oxen, fatterned cattle, and sheep in abundance, and has invited all the king's sons, the commanders of the army, and Abiathar the priest. And behold, they are eatting and drinking before him, and saying, 'Long, live King Adonijah!" 26 But me, your servant, and Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and your servant Solomon he has not invited. 27. Has this thing been brought about by my lord the king and you have not told your servants who should sit on the throne of my lord the king after him?"
4. 네 번째 섹션
28. Then King David answered, "Call Bathsheba to me." So she came into the king's presence and stood before the king.
29. And the king swore, saying, "As the Lord livers, who has redeemed my soul out of every adversity, 30 as I swore to you by the Lord, the God of Israel, saying, 'Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne in my place. even so will I do this day. 31 Then Bathsheba bowed with her face to the ground and paid homage to the king and said, "May my lord king david live for ever."
32. King David said, "Call to me Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benalah the son of ㅓehoiada. So they came before the king. 33. And the king said to them. "Take with you the servants of your lord and have Solom my son ride on my own mule, and bring him down to Gihon. 34 And let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet there anoint him king over Israel, Then blow the trumpet and say.'LONG living King Solom! 35. You shall then come up after him, and he shall come and sit on my throne, for he shall be king in my place. And I HAVE appointed him to be ruler over Israel and over Judah." 36. And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada answered the king, "Amen! May the Lord, the God of my lord the king, say so. 37. As the Lord has been with my lord the king, even so may he be with Solomon, and make his throne greater than the throne of my lord king david."
38. So Zadok the priest, NAthan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites went down and made Solom ride on King David's mule and brought him to Gihon. 39. There Zadok the priest took the horn of oil from the tent and anointed Solom. Then they blew the trumpet, and all the people said. "Long live King Solomon. 40. And all the people went up after him, playing on pipes, and rejoicing with great joy. so that the earth was split by their noise.
41. Adonijah and all the guests who were with him heard it as they finished feasting. And WHen Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he said, "What does this uproar in the city mean?' 42. While he was still speaking. behold, Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest came. And Adonijah said, 'Come in, for you are a worthy man and bring good news." 43. Jonathan answered Adonijah, 'No, for our lord KING DAvid has made Solomon king. 44. and the king has sent with him Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites. AND they made him ride on the kings mule. 45. And Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king at Gihon, and they have gone up from there rejoicing, so that the city is in an uproar. This is the noise that you have heard. 46. Solomon is the noise that you have heard. 46. Solomon sits on the royal throne. 47. Moreover, the kings servants came to congratulate our lord king david, saying 'May your God make the name of Solomon more famous than yours, and make his throne greater than your throne. And the king also said, 'Bleased be the Lord, the god of Israel, who has granted someone. to sit on my throne this day, my own eyes seeing it."
49. Then all the guests of Adonijah trembled and rose, and each went his own way. 50 And Adonijah feared Solomon. so he arose and went and took hold of the horns of the altar. 51. Then it was told solomon, "Behold, Adonijah fears king solomon, for behold, he has laid hold of the horns of the altar, saying, let king solomon swear to me first that he will not put his servant to death with the sword. 52. And Solomon said, "If he will show himself a worthy man, not one of his hairs shall fall to the earth, but if wickedness is found in him, he shall die." 53 so king solomon sent, and they brought him down from the altar. and he came and paid homage to king solomon, and solomon said to him, "Go to your house."
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