돌팔매로 골리앗을 쓰러뜨린 다윗이 등장하는 사무엘상 17장

사무엘상 17장은 겉모습이나 힘에 기대지 않고 두려움을 이기는 용기와 믿음 등을 보여준 다윗과 골리앗의 싸움 편이었습니다. 신의 무기에서 인간의 무기로 새로운 패러다임으로 만들며 결국 돌팔매질로 거인을 무찌른 다윗의 이야기입니다.

📢 스폰서 링크

1. 블레셋 장수 골리앗의 등장

블레셋과 이스라엘의 대치 중에 블레셋의 장수 골리앗은 키가 약 3미터나 되는 거구였습니다. 그런 그가 40일 동안 매일 나와 이스라엘 군대를 조롱하며 대표 전사 하나를 보내 싸우라고 도발합니다. 그러자 사울 왕과 이스라엘 군은 그를 무서워하며 두려움에 빠지는 내용입니다.

 

1. Now the Philistines gathered their armies for battle. And they were gathered at Socoh, which belongs to Judah, and Ephes-dammim. 2. And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered, and encamped in the Valley of Elah, and drew up in line of battle against the Philistines. 3 And the PHilistines stood on the mountain on one side, and Israel stood on the mountain on the other side, with a valley between them. 4 And there came out from the camp of the PHilistines a champion named Goliath of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span. 5.He had a helmet of bronze on his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail, and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of bronze. 6 And he had bronze armour on his legs, and a javelin of bronze slung between his shoulders.

 

7 The shaft of his spear was like a weaver's bean, and his spear's head weighed six hundred shekels of iron. ANd his shield bearer went before him. 8. He stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, "Why have you come out to draw up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and are you not servants of Saul? Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me. 9. If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will be your servants But if I prevail against him and kill him, then you shall be our servants and serve us." 10 AND THE PHILISTINE SAID, "I defy the ranks of Israel this day. Give me a man, that we may fight together." 11 When Saul and all Israel dismayed and greatly afraid.

 

📢 스폰서 링크

2. 소년 다윗 등장

미약한 벤야민 지파의 사울 왕과 달리 소년 다윗은 비록 목동에 하프 켜는 약한 소년이었지만 베들레헴 출신의 유다 지파 출신입니다. 개인적으로는 사무엘이 유다 지파와 결탁하여 음모를 꾸민 것 같긴 합니다. 형들이 전쟁에 참여하고 있는 동안 다윗은 아버지의 심부름으로 전쟁터에 음식과 소식을 전하러 갔습니다. 그런 가운데 다윗은 골리앗의 조롱을 듣고 분노하며 왜 이방인이 하나님의 군대를 모욕하느냐고 묻습니다.

 

12 Now David was the son of an Ephrathite of Bethlehem in Judah, named Jesse,  who had eight sons. In the days of Saul the man was already old and advanced in years. 13 The three oldest sons of Jesse had followed Saul to the battle. And the names of his three sons who went to the battle were Elib the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. 14 David was the youngest, The three eldest followed Saul, 15 but David went back and forth from Saul to feed his father's sheep at Bethlehem. 16 For forty days the PHilistine came forward and took his stand, morning and evening.

 

17 And Jesse said to David his son, "Take for your brothers an ephah of this parched grain, and these ten loaves, and carry them quickly to the camp to your brothers. 18 Also take these ten cheeses to the commander of their thousand. See if your brothers are well, and bring some token from them."

 

 19 Now Saul and they and all the men of Israel were in the Valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines. 20 And David rose early in the morning and left the sheep with a keeper and took the provisions and went, as Jesse had commanded him. ANd he came to the encampment as the host was going out to the battle line, shouting the war cry. 21 And Israel and the Philistines drew up for battle, army against army. 22 And David left the things in charge of the keeper of the baggage and ran to the ranks and went and greeted his brothers. 23 As he talked with them, behold, the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, came up out of the ranks of the Philistines and spoke the same words as before. And David heard him.

 

📢 스폰서 링크

4. 골리앗을 죽이면 부귀영화를 누릴거라고?

골리앗이 저리 위세를 떠니 사울왕은 골리앗을 죽이는 자에게 큰 포상을 주겠다고 한 모양입니다.

 

24 All the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him and were much afraid. 25 And the men of Israel said, "Have you seen this man who has come up? Surely he has come up to defy Israel. And the king will enrich the man who kills him with great riches and will give him his daughter and make his father's house free in Israel." 26 ANd David said to the men who stood by him, "What shall be done for the man who kills this Philistine and takes away the reproach from Israel? For who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?" 27 AND the people answered him in the same way, "So shall it be done to the man who kills him."

5. 다윗형이 다윗을 나무라는데

이런저런 사람들과 얘기를 나누고 있는데 다윗의 맏형 엘리압이 다윗을 나무랍니다. 여기는 왜 왔냐 건방지고 교만하다는 등 꾸짖으니 다윗은 자기가 뭘 했다고 그러냐 명확하게 이유를 대라고 합니다. 어찌 돌아가는 상황이 요셉과 그의 형들을 보는 것 같습니다. 성경은 왜 이렇게 장남보다 막내를 더 예뻐하는지 이유를 모르겠습니다.

 

28 Now Eliab his oldest brother heard when he spoke to the men. And Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said, "Why have you come down? And with whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness? I know your presumption and the evil of your heart, for you have come down to see the battle." 29 And David said, "What have I DONE now? Was it not but a word?" 30 And he turned away from him towards another, and spoke in the same way, and the people answered him again as before.

 

서사가 계속 이런 식으로 돌고 도는 것을 보아 성경 자체가 지속적으로 반복되는 서사를 이루고 있는데, 이는 의도적 반복과 누적의 서사로 인해 신도들에게 각인 혹은 각성하게 하는 효과가 큰 것으로 보입니다.

 

31 When the words that David spoke were heard, they repeated them before Saul, and he sent for him. 32 And David said to Saul, "Let no man's heart fail because of him. You servant will go and fight with this PHIlistine." 33 AND Saul said to David, "You are not able to go against this philistine to fight with him, for you are but a youth, and he has been a man of war from his youth." 34 But David said to Saul, "Your servant used to keep sheep for his father. And when there came a lion, or a bear,  and took a lamb from the flock, 35 I went after him and struck him and delivered it out of his mouth. ANd if he arose against me, I cautht him by his beard and struck him and killed him. 36 YOur servant has struck down both lions and bears, and this uncircumcised PHIlistine shall be like one of them, for he has defied the armies of the living God." 37 ANd David said, "THE lord who delivered me from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear will deliver me from the hand of this PHilistine." And Saul said to David, "Go and the LOrd be with you.!"

6. 사울은 다윗에게 옷을 입히고

궁여지책으로 다윗이 해보겠다고 하니 사울은 다윗에게 갑옷을 입혔습니다. 그런데 다윗은 옷이 익숙하지 않아 벗어 버렸습니다. 그리고 대신 막대기와 물매와 돌 다섯 개를 들고나갔습니다. 실제 아직 미성년에 속했기 때문에 옷이 컸던 것으로 보입니다.

 

38 Then Saul clothed DAVID with his armour. He put a helmet of bronze on his head and clothed him with a coat of mail, 39 and David strapped his sword over his armour. And he tried in vain to go, for he had not tested them. THen David said to Saul, "I cannot go with these, for I have not tested them." So David put them off. 40 Then he took his staff in his hand and chose five smooth stones from the brook and put them in his shepherd's pouch. HIS sling was in his hand, and he approached the PHilistine.

 

41 And the PHIlistine moved forward and came near to David, with his shield bearer in front of him. 42 And when the PHIListine looked and saw DAVID, he disdained him, for he was but a youth, ruddy and handsome in appearance. 43 ANd the Philistine said to David, "Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?" AND THE Philistine cursed David, "Come to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the air and to the beasts of the field." 45 The DAVID said to the PHilistine, "You come to me with a sword and with a spear and with ajavelin, but I come to you in the name of the LORD OF hosts, the God of the armies of Israel whom you have defied. 46 This day the Lord will deliver you into my hand, and I will strike you down and cut off your  head. And I will give the dead bodies of the host of the Philistines this day to the birds of the air and to the wild beasts of the earth, that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel, 47 and that all this assembly may know that the Lord saves not with sword and spear. For the battle is the LORD'S, AND he will give you into our hand."

 

골리앗은 막대기를 든 다윗을 보며 경멸하며 말하였습니다. 내가 개냐? 왜 막대기를 가지고 나온겨?

 

너는 칼과 단창으로 내게 나아오나, 나는 만군의 여호와의 이름으로 네게 나아가노라.
전쟁은 여호와께 속한 것이라 그가 너희를 우리 손에 넘기시리라

 

 48 And David put his hand in his bag and took out a stone and slung it and struck the PHIListine on his forehead. The stone ank into his forehead, and he fell on his face to the ground.

 

 50 Do David prevailed over the PHILIstine with a sling and with a stone, and struck the PHIlistine and killed him. There was no sword in the hand of David. 51 THEn David ran and stood over the PHIlistine and took his sword and drew it out of hits sheath and killed him and cut off his head with it. When the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, they fled. 52 ANd the men of Israel and Judah rose with a shout and pursued the PHIListines as far as Gath and the gates of Ekron, so that the sounded Philistines fell on the way from Shaaraim as far as GATH and Ekron. 53 And the people of Israel came back from chasing the Philistines, and they plundered their camp. 54 And David took the head of the Philistine and brought it to Jerusalem, but he put his armour in his tent.

 

 55 As soon as Saul saw David go out against the PHilistine, he said to Abner, the commander of the army, "Abner, whose son is this youth?" AND Abner said, "As your soul lives, O KING, I do not know." 56 AND THe king said, "Enquire whose son the boy is." 57 And as soon as David retruned from the striking down of the Philistine in his hand. 58 And Saul said to him, "Whose son are you, young man?" And David answered, " I AM the son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite."

 

골리앗이 다가오자 다윗은 달려가 물매로 이마를 맞혀 쓰러뜨립니다. 골리앗이 쓰러지자 다윗은 칼을 빼어 그의 목을 베어 죽였습니다. 그러자 블레셋 군은 도망하고 이스라엘은 승리의 기세로 추격하였습니다. 정말로 이길 줄은 몰랐던지 사울은 급 당황하여 이 소년이 누구의 아들이냐고 묻습니다. 아브넬도 모른다고 하고요. 다윗이 골리앗의 머리를 들고 사울 앞에 나오자 너는 누구의 아들이냐고 묻습니다.

나는 베렐레헴 사람 중 너의 종 이새의 아들입니다.

 

📢 스폰서 링크

마지막 마무리

목동으로 일하며 돌팔매질로 사자와 양을 쫓아낸 솜씨를 유감없이 발휘한 다윗입니다. 아무도 주목하지 않은 다윗이 주인공이 된 순간입니다. 기존의 문법을 버리고 새로운 방식으로 거인과 싸워서 이긴 다윗의 신화는 이제부터 시작되려나 봅니다. 그리고 사울의 질투는 다음 장부터 시작되지 않을까 싶습니다.

영어 원문이 너무 길어 한글 해석과 비판이 조금 미흡했는데 후일 정리를 하도록 하겠습니다.

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