다윗과 사울간의 끝나지 않은 권력 투쟁 사무엘하 3장

사무엘하 3장은 다윗과 사울 가문 간의 권력 투쟁이 계속되는 상황을 다루고 있습니다.

1. 다윗과 사울 가문의 전쟁

사울의 아들 이스보셋은 이스라엘 왕으로 계승을 받았고 다윗은 유다의 왕으로 통치를 하고 있었습니다. 한 나라에 두 명의 왕이 대립하고 있는 꼴입니다. 그러나 다윗 가문은 점점 강해진 반면 사울 가문은 기울어가고 있었습니다.

 

1. There was a long war between the house of Saul and the house of David. And David grew stronger and stronger. while the house of Saul became weaker and weaker.

 

또한, 다윗은 헤브론에서 있는 6년 6개월 동안 여섯 아들을 낳았고 각각 이름이 기록됩니다.

 2. And sons were born to David at Hebron; his firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam of Jezreel; 3. and his second, Chileab, of Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur; 4. and the fourth, Adonjah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital; 5. and the sixth, Ithream, of Eglah, David's wife, These were born to David in Hebron.

2. 사울의 첩 스캔들

그러한 가운데 사울 군대의 총사령관 아브넬은 사울의 첩이던 리스바와 관계를 맺었습니다. 그러자 이스보셋은 이 사실을 알고 아브넬을 꾸짖었고, 아브넬은 이에 분노하여 다윗에게로 가고자 합니다.

아브넬은 이스라엘 장로들에게 다윗을 왕으로 세워야 한다고 설득하며 다윗에게 사신을 보내 화친을 제의합니다.

 

이스라엘의 왕은 이스보셋이었지만 실질적인 권력자는 아브넬이었습니다. 그런 아브넬에게 사생활에 대한 꾸짖음을 당하자 아브넬은 이를 자신의 권위에 대한 도전으로 받아들였습니다. 빌미를 잡고 다윗에게 붙어 2인자 자리를 꿰차려 한 의도도 엿보입니다. 

 

🌟 사무엘하 2장 내용 읽기

다윗은 아브넬의 화친을 받아들이는 대신 사울의 딸이자 자신의 아내였던 미갈, 혹은 미챌을 돌려달라고 요구합니다. 그리하여 미갈은 남편 발디엘과 강제 이별을 하고 다윗에게로 돌아가게 됩니다.

 

6. While there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, Abner was making himself strong in the house of Saul. 7. Now Saul had a concubine whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah. And Ishbosheth said to Abner, "Why have you gone in to my father's concubine?" 8 Then Abner was very angry over the words of Ish- bosheth and said, "Am I a dog's head of Judah? To this day I keep showing steadfast love to the house of Saul your father, to his brothers, and to his friends, and have not given you into the hand of David. AND yet you charge me today with a fault concerning a woman. 9. God do so to Abner and more also, if I do not accomplish for David what the Lord has sworn to him, 10 to transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan to Beersheba." 11. And Ish-bosheth could not answer Abner another word, because he feared him.

3. 아브넬과 다윗의 협상

12. And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, "To whom does the land belong? Make your covenant with me, and behold, my hand shall be with you to bring over all Israel to you." 13. AND he said, "Good; I wll make a covenant with you. But one thing I require of you; that is, you shall not see my face unless you first bring Michal, Saul's daughter, when you come to see my face." 14. Then David sent messengers to Ish-nosheth, Saul's son, saying, "Give me my wife Michal, for whom I PAID THE BRIDAL PRICE OF A HUNdred foreskins of the PHILISTInes." 15 And Ish-bosheth sent and took her from her husband Paltiel the son of Laish. 16. But her husband went with her, weeping after her all the way to Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, "Go, return." And he retruned.

 

다윗이 조강지처를 돌려 받은 것도 일면 이해가 가긴 하지만 미갈의 재혼남 발디엘과도 상당히 관계가 좋았던 것으로 보입니다. 발디엘은 미갈을 보내기 싫어 바후림까지 따라왔다고 하였는데요. 일부 주석가들은 발디엘과는 육체적 관계를 가지지 않았다는 개소리를 하는데 그건 좀 말이 안 되는 것 같고요.

 

다시 만난 미갈과 다윗 사이에 애정은 없어 보입니다. 둘 사이에는 자식도 없는 것으로 알고 있는데요. 이 둘의 관계에 관해서는 사무엘하 6장에서 다시 서술하겠습니다.

 

17. And ABner conferred with the elders of Israel, saying, "For some time past you have been seeking David as king over you. 18. Now then bring it about, for the Lord has promised DAvid I will save my people Israel from the hand of the PHIlistines, and from the hand of all their enemies." 19. Abner also spoke to Benjamin. And then Abner went to tell David at Hebron all that Israel and the whole house of Benjamin thought good to do.

 

 20. WHEN Abner came with twenty men to David at HEBRon, David made a feast for Abner and the men who were with him. 21. And Abner said to David, "I will arise and go and will gather all Israel to my lord the king, that they may make a covenant with you, and that you may reign over all that your heart desires." So David sent ABner away, and he went in peace.

 

22. Just then the servants of David arrived with Joab from a raid, bringing much spoil with them. But Abner was not with David at Hebron, for he had sent him away, and he had gone in peace. 23. WHEN Joab all the army that was with him came, it was told Joab, "Abner the son of NER came to the king, and he has let him go, and he has gone in peace." 24. Then Joab went to the king and said, "WHAT HAVE you done? Behold, Abner came to you. Why is it that you have sent him away, so that he is gone? 25. You KNOW that Abner the son of Ner came to deceive you and to know your going out and your coming in, and to know all that you are doing."

 

26. When Joab came out from David's presence, he sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the cistern of Sirah. But David did not know about it. 27. And when Abner returned to HEBRon. Joab took him aside into the midst of the gate to speak with him privately, and there he struck him in the stomach, so that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother. 28. Afterwards when David heard of it, he said, "I and my kingdom are for ever guiltless before the Lord for the blood of Abner the son of Ner. 29. May it fall upon the head of Joab and upon all his father's house, and may the house of Joab never be without one who has a discharge or who is leprous or who holds a spindle or who falls by the sword or who lacks bread!" 30 So Joab and Abishai his brother killed Abner, because he had put heir brother Asahel to death in the battle at Gibeon.

 

그렇게 협상을 맺고 다윗은 아브넬을 환영하며 그를 위해 연회를 베출었습니다. 그러나 다윗의 총사령관인 요압은 당연히 아브넬을 경계했습니다. 그는 아브넬이 다윗을 속이고 정탐하기 위해 왔다고 생각했습니다.

 

그래서 아브넬이 헤브론을 떠나려 할 때 요압은 그를 몰래 죽였습니다. 이는 요압의 동생 아사헬을 죽인 아브넬에 대한 복수이기도 했습니다.

 

31. Then David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, 'Tear your clothes and put on sackcloth and mourn before Abner." And King David followed the bier. 32. They buried Abner at Hebron. And the king lifted up his voice and wept at the grave of Abner, and all the people wept. 33. And the king lamented for Abner, saying.

 "Should Abner die as a fool dies? Your hands were bot bound; your feet were not fettered; as one falls before the wicked you have fallen."

 

 And all the people wept again over him. 35. THEN all the people came to persuade David to eat bread while it was yet day. But David swore, saying, "God do so to me and more also, if I taste bread or anything else till the sun goes down!" 36. And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them, as everything that the king did pleased all the people. 37. So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it had not been the king's will to put to death Abner the son of Ner. 38. And the king said to his servants, "Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? 39. And I WAS gentle today, though anointed king. These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are more severe than I. The Lord repay the evildoer according to his wickedness!"

 

아브넬이 죽자 다윗은 크게 슬퍼하며 자신과는 무관하다는 것을 백성들에게 알렸습니다. 그래서 다윗은 아브넬의 장례식을 성대하게 치르고 그를 위해 애가를 불렀습니다. 그리고 다윗은 요압과 그의 동생 아비새를 저주하여 아브넬의 죽음을 그들에게 물었습니다.

 

다윗이 아브넬을 받아들여 이스라엘과의 통합을 꾀하려고 했으나 요압 때문에 일이 그르친 것을 우려한 것도 크게 작용했습니다. 하나 다윗이 아브넬의 죽음에 크게 슬퍼하는 모습을 본 백성들은 다윗에게 더 신뢰를 갖게 됩니다.

4. 영리한 다윗

사무엘하 3장을 읽으면 다윗이 참으로 영악하고 처세술에 능한 인간이라는 것이 느껴집니다. 선하고 의로운 왕이기도 했겠지만, 사실 사무엘에게 기름 부음을 받은 것일 뿐 정통성도 없는데 유다지파의 왕이 되었고 서서히 이스라엘을 잠식하고 있잖아요?

그의 그런 장악력 가운데는 대중의 힘이 엿보입니다. 그러니까 대중을 선동하는 능력이 탁월하다고 보입니다.

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